From the Introduction, we understand the following; * Teaching method is the mechanism that is used by the teacher to Organize and implement several educational means and activities to achieve goals. * Teaching techniques are the means that reflect the success of the learning process and the competencies of the teacher. * Students in the class have a variety of levels In any particular subject, therefore the teacher needs to use different teaching methodologies that can reach all students effectively. TYPES OF TEACHING METHODS we're looked into; * We have three (3) broad types. * These are a teacher-centered method * Learner-Centered method * Content-focused methods and *Interactive/participative methods In INSTRUCTOR/TEACHER CENTERED METHODS; Learners on the other hand are presumed to be passive and copious recipients of knowledge from the teacher. & Examples of such methods are one expository. Methods-which requires little or no involvement of learners in the teaching process. * It is also for this lack of involvement of the learner in what they are taught, that such methods are called "closed-ended". indeed. LEARNER-CENTERED METHODS are; *In learner-centered methods, the teacher/instructor Is both a teacher are a learner at the same time. * In the words of Lawrence Stenhouse, are meant to understand that the teacher plays a dual role as a Learner as well so that his classroom extends rather than Constricts his intellectual horizons. In CONTENT-FOCUSED METHODS; * In this Category of methods, both the teacher and the learner have to fit into the content that is taught. Both the teacher and the learners Cannot alter or become critical of anything to do with the content. In Interactive/participative methods; we understand that, * This fourth Category borrows a bit from the three Other methods without necessarily laying emphasis unduly on either the Learner, content, or teacher. * These methods are driven by the situational analyses of What is the most appropriate thing for us to learn/do now given the situation of learners and the teacher. * In Summary, the three types of methods, which are Commonly used in Instruction are; Teacher-centered methods, learner-Centered methods, and Content-focused interactive/ participative methods. In the lecture method, we understand the following; That a lecturer is an oral presentation of information by the instructor. Also, the method of instruction is recommended for a traineeship with very little knowledge or limited background on the topic. At the same time, each method has its advantages and disadvantages 7. Lecture method- A lecture is an oral presentation of Information by the Instructor. Advantages include; permitting flexibility, Requiring less rigid space requirements, and permitting center over contact and sequence. And disadvantages include involving one-way Communication, posing problems in skill teaching, and encouraging students' passiveness. Qualities of a good lecture were highlighted, as follows; A good lecture should not be too long to exceed the trainee's attention span. A good lecture should address a single theme. A good lecture employs a variety of approaches. On discussion Method, We were meant to understand the following; that discussion involves two-way communication between participants. Discussion is how people share experiences, Ideas, and attitudes. Discussion may be used in the classroom for lesson development, making trainees apply what they have learned, or to monitor trainers Learning by way of Feedback. A method by which group discussion techniques are used to reach instructional objectives, to develop imaginative solutions to problems and to stimulate thinking and interest and to secure Student participation." Advantages of this method include ; Increase students' interest, increases students' acceptance and commitments. utilizes student knowledge and experience, and results in more permanent learning because of a high degree of student participation. While disadvantages include; requiring highly skilled instructors, requiring preparation by the student and it limits Content. For the deductive method, the approach to Instruction is a more teacher-Centered approach. This means that the teacher gives the Students a new Concept, explains it, and then has the students practice Using the concept, it is also called a deductive construction, and the deductive approach is teacher dominated. The advantage of the deductive method is coverage of a wider scope of subject matter because our instruction is direct by starting the rule or the beginning of the class. It begins the lesson with the Ashmet, with what the lea do not know to at the outset the lesson won't look irrelevant and uninteresting B. Inductive method In contrast with the deductive method, Inductive Instruction makes use of student noticing". * The intent is for students to notice", by way of the examples, how the concept works, it's also called Inductive instruction, and the Inductive method is less teacher-directed than the Deductive method. Disadvantages of the inductive method are the following; Storytelling method is sharing and interpreting experiences, storytelling can be used as a method to teach ethics, values Cultural norms, and differences Learning is most effective when it takes place in social environments that provide authentic social cues about how knowledge is to be applied. Advantages include; placing the story in fiction, he removes it from the Political arena, and allowing readers to Contemplate "What if '' and draw their conclusions. This has elements of a puzzle, and potentially piques the interest of People who would normally ignore politics, thus reaching a larger audience, and by placing a horrific turn of events within a fairy Orwell draws a dark contrast between the ideal world the reality. The theme of the story is as Important as the historical significance: The potential for Well. Its limitations include; it usually encourages exaggerations of facts which Creates misconceptions and wrong ideas in The pupils, It sometimes minimizes the importance of Personalities and Shows even the historical characters as mythical and frivolous As for the Problem solving-method, we are told it is important to know how to think and reflect on the approach in this method. The learner is required to solve a problem and make use of his previous knowledge, and according to Dewery, the problem fixes the end of thought, and the end Controls the process of thinking. The criteria for Problem Selection were well articulated, and the following include; * The problem should be intellectually challenging to children. * The problem should not be entirely unfamiliar to the learners. It should be related to their previous experience. The problem should be related to a base human activity. The problem should have practical relevance, and the problem should have the potential to create interest in the specific problem in particular and solve it in general. The Merits are as follows; 1. It serves as a preparation for adult life. 2. It develops the power for Critical thinking. 3. It makes the pupil an active recipient of knowledge. 4. it develops values of tolerance and open-mindedness. 5. It helps for the easy assimilation of knowledge. & 6. It helps to establish harmonious relations between teachers and pupils. The dements also include; 1. This method will become monotonous if used too Frequently. 2. The problem-solving method can easily lead to the selection of trivial and untimely topics. 3. This is appropriate for developing Cognitive Competencies, but not for bringing about affective changes. In the Project method, the project meshed if posed upon the ideas of the American educationalist, according to John Dewey. According to him 'A project to a wholehearted purposeful activity, proceeding in a social environment' According to Stevenson. He said, "A project is a problematic act carried to completion in its natural setting". Also that according to Dewry, children should be given education to satisfy their needs in life, and the School Should function like a mini-society in which and through the Students would acquire education by engaging themselves in a variety of group projects nothing is forced upon them. The following merits were considered, 1. That, It gives freedom to children. 2. It enables the children to learn from their own experiences. 3. It is free from the defects of the textbook method. 4. It's a natural method of acquiring knowledge. 5. It gives training in the democratic way of living. 6. It trains the children in solving problems. 7. It helps the teacher to understand his pupils. Why the demerits include; 1. it hampers the completion of the syllabus. 2. There to a possibility of giving more importance. 3. It may lead to monopolization by some students. 4. It increases the workload of teachers. 5. It is an expensive method. Under Source method, we understand that; Source method is a method of teaching in which sources of information are used to explain a point or variety of facts or establish a principle or describe an event. This method involves activity on the parts of the teachers as well as pupils. The source method can be used at the beginning of the lesson to motivate the pupils. It was concluded with the Merits and demerits. The merits include 1. It develops a sense of vividness and reality. 2. It can satisfy the curiosity among children on the question. 3. The sources provide certain useful mental exercises. 4. The method initiates the pupil's research. 5. It supplements classroom lessons. 6. It promotes interest in the study of the subject. 7. It initiates the students in social studies research. The demerits finally are as follows; 1. the method is too complex and technical. 2. It is not always possible for the teachers of the school to have easy access to the sources. 3. Using the Source teaching method is not easy for the teachers and they are not trained in their use. 4. The source method of teaching social studies is time-consuming. 5. The source method of teaching social studies is very expensive.